Causes Of The Protestant Reformation - 1635 Words

The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious movement that took place in the Western church. Having far-reaching political, economic, and social effect, the Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity. Without the changes caused by the Renaissance during the fifteenth century, the Reformation would not have been possible (Haigh). Reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII challenged the Catholic church. These reformers’ disruptions triggered wars, persecutions, and later the â€Å"Counter-Reformation.† The Reformation ended the unity imposed by medieval Christianity. Many events in the years leading up to the sixteenth century caused individuals†¦show more content†¦Scholars, upper class, and middle class were able to get their hands on the Bible and understand what it said (â€Å"The Reformation: An Overview†). Many other factors played a part in the process such as the decline of feudalism (a combination of legal and military customs), the rise of nationalism, and the rise of the common law (Kerr). All of these factors led to great individuals putting their foot down and telling the Catholic Church that enough was enough, and they were no longer going to stand idly by while the church abused its power. As the Catholic Church’s grievances were brought to light more and more people started to move away from the church. There were three main people that are credited for helping to start the Protestant Reformation in each of their own countries -- Martin Luther who was an Augustinian monk who nailed his â€Å"95 Theses† on the church door in Germany, Huldrych Zwingli who started the reformation in Switzerland, and Henry VIII who caused England to leave the church because of his quest for a male heir (â€Å"The Reformation: An Overview†). These four people, although from completely different backgrounds, helped the Protestant Reformation move throughout Europe. Martin Luther was born November 10, 1483. In 1505, Luther received his master’s degree from the University of Erfurt. Following his father’s wishes, Martin enrolled in law school at the same university, but droppedShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of The Protestant Reformation1270 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the causes of the Protestant Reformation. Which cause do you feel is most important? Why? Roman Catholicism and Christianity as a whole expanded throughout the globe over the 16th century. Roman Catholic Churches have a hierarchical organization with the Pope of Rome at the top to facilitate the matters of the Churches around the globe. Their doctrines and teachings came from their interpretations of the Bible. Roman Catholicism was widely accepted in most cases, but someRead MoreThe Causes of the Protestant Reformation599 Words   |  2 PagesThe causes of the Protestant Reformation†¨? In the 1500’s the catholic church was selling indulgences for people that had the black death, in the event of the black death you would get black spots all over the body when these spots appeared the person that was affected had three days to die, if the ill were catholic and decided to go to heaven they would go to the church and buy an indulgence which meant they reserved a spot in heaven. The business of indulgences in the Catholic Church was pullingRead MoreCauses Of The Protestant Reformation725 Words   |  3 Pagesperiod of 1300 to 1789 the churchs power declined by a significant amount. A number of things happened that decreased the churchs power during the time period of 1300 to 1789, but the Protestant reformation and the Scientific Revolution had weakened the role of the church the most. The Protestant Reformation had decreased the role of the church in Europe by decreasing its power by a large margin. Martin Luther had, had some ideas of what was wrong with the church. He expressed his ideas by writingRead MoreCause and Effects of Protestant Reformation Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesMajor Causes and Effects of the Protestant Reformation There were several causes of the Protestant Reformation that effected society, politics, and religion in Europe during the 16th century. In my opinion, the immediate cause that started the reformation was Martin Luther’s act of posting the 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral in the Roman Empire. Luther was unhappy with the Catholic Church, and posted the Theses due to the sale of indulgences that was going on to raise money forRead MoreDBQ: Causes of the Protestant Reformation739 Words   |  3 PagesThere are approximately eight hundred million Protestant Christians currently in the world with it being the second largest Christian domination (Fairchild). However, there are over a billion followers of the Roman Catholic faith and it currently stands as the Christian domination with the most followers (Fairchild). If it were not for the German monk, Martin Luther, most Christians would have been Roman Catholic in the present. Martin Luther is famous for â€Å"95 Theses† that critiqued the practicesRead MoreWhat Were The Social Cause Of The Protestant Reformation?1289 Words   |  6 PagesW hat were the social causes of the Protestant Reformation? The bible was being made more accessible than ever. One of the things that led to more people interpreting the bible is that it was translated into everyday language. Another was the fact that the printing press was enabled that allowed multiple copies of the bible to be made. Previous to this, scribes would have to write every bible by hand and this could take years, just for one of them. Another factor was the fact that there was increasedRead MoreEssay Causes and Effects of the Protestant Reformation1159 Words   |  5 Pagesit, the Protestant Reformation did not happen overnight. Catholics had begun to lose faith in the once infallible Church ever since the Great Schism, when there were two popes, each declaring that the other was the antichrist. Two things in particular can be identified as the final catalyst: a new philosophy and simple disgust. The expanding influence of humanism and the corruption of the Catholic Church led to the Protestant Reformation, which in turn launched the Catholic Reformation and religiousRead MoreThe Causes Of Martin Luther And The Protestant Reformation748 Words   |  3 PagesIn a time where Europe was flourishing between the 14th and 17th centuries with their cultural development of the art and sciences, there was a huge schism in the Catholic Church that was originally created by Martin Luther. The Protestant Reformation was initiated in 1517 when the Ninety-five Theses was posted in Saxony, Germany by Luther. Martin Luther was an Augustinian monk who criticized the Church and the papacy and laid the theological reform for the church and the pope’s authority which brokeRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Protestant Reformation Why the Protestant Reformation is considered a significant development in the Christian Church. The Protestant Reformation was an event which occurred within the Catholic Church during the 16th century. This Reformation was prompted by Martin Luther’s ‘95 theses’ which were a list of 95 criticisms towards the church. The Reformation formed another branch of Christianity called Protestantism which is comprised of many different Christian denominations including AnglicanRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press932 Words   |  4 Pagestwo effects were the exploration of the Americas and the Protestant Reformation. Exploration was Colombus and his explorers â€Å"discovering† America. The printing press had great influence on these events. The Protestant Reformation was also shaped by the printing press, in some cases more than exploration. The Protestant Reformation, or more simply, The Reformation, was a mass conversion of people from the Catholic Church to the Protestant Church. The citizens of Europe started to access more information

A Study On The Culture Essay - 1842 Words

Introduction A previous study by Menon and Shweder detailed the â€Å"cultural expertise† of Oriyas regarding the icon of Kali, a goddess well-known in their culture. For Oriyas, the image of Kali biting her tongue represents â€Å"lajya†, or shame. However, their conception of shame may differ from typical western views of shame. What emerged from the interviews conducted in Menon and Shweder’s study was that shame seemed to be a respected duty of the women in the culture, and brought about social harmony. This idea seems to be reconcilable with Markus and Kitayama’s review of independent and interdependent cultures, if it is assumed that the Oriyas interviewed were from an interdependent culture. In an interdependent culture, the self is construed in relation to others; a self is thought of as complete only in a social context. Conversely, in independent cultures, which are typically western, the self is thought of as entirely separate from others, and i s encouraged to strive for their own desires without thought to how their actions may affect others. That is not to say that those in independent cultures have no empathy for those around them, and neither is it true that those in interdependent cultures are unable to think for themselves. It is simply a construal of the self in relation to others, and as Markus and Kitayama showed, this leads to several different ways of interacting with the world when a person originates from an independent or an interdependent culture.Show MoreRelatedAnthropology And The Study Of Culture1221 Words   |  5 Pages1. Anthropology and the Study of Culture a. The field of anthropology that I find to be most interesting is anthropological linguistics. Personally, I believe this subdivision is so interesting because it is so diverse and covers so much ground on how our language and others have evolved over time. Ranging from early cave writings, to sign language, to the language and slang we all know and use today, language among not only our cultures but also others have vastly changed and there is proof ofRead MoreA Study of the Egyptian Culture996 Words   |  4 PagesEgyptian Culture Abstract Culture is perceived to be a structure of symbols that is learned, shared as well as passed on throughout generations of a social assembly. Culture is said to have influences on what a person perceives and also guides persons connections with others and it is a process. This paper will briefly introduce the Egyptian culture and go further to highlight on the said culture in terms of Social stratification, political life, gender roles and statues, marriage family and KinshipRead MoreA Study On A Culture Of Peace10177 Words   |  41 Pageschapter which contains the background of the study that provides a brief overview of the study at the beginning. It gives hints about the concept of a culture of peace and emphasizes on the roles of education particularly higher education for the building of a culture of peace in Ethiopia. The second part of the chapter deals with the research problem statement followed by the basic research questions. Subsequently, the main and specific objectives of the study are also included followed by the rationaleRead MoreThe Study Of Popular Culture2197 Words   |  9 PagesThe study of popular culture is useful in many ways. To specify, this course has reached its three intended main ideas: what it means to be an American, how to be consumption-conscious, and how to apply these studies in our own lives. Jim Cullen puts this in a less specific sense, arguing that the study of popular culture can â€Å"afford valuable clues – about collective fears, hopes, and debates† (Cullen, The Art of Democracy, 2). We study these clues to understand the world around us, as well as whyRead MoreCulture Clashes Case Study881 Words   |  4 PagesCulture Clashes Case Study CJA/473 March 14, 2011 Culture Clashes Case Study Culture clashes in businesses can differ in many ways, and it is not understood why some cultures make it through a merger, while others appear not to make it through a merger at all. The merger within different businesses can be a major situation for everyone to go through, and when dealing with two of America’s biggest companies, the difficulty of the situation can only increase. Once businesses decide toRead MoreA Study On Mexican American Culture1362 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that the Raza Studies program in Tuscan, Arizona is creating hate and resentment towards one particular race, it is actually doing the exact opposite. Love, appreciation, and respect are the foundational components of the Raza Studies program. The program teaches students how to appreciate and respect their own culture and others. Mexican American students can finally learn about the Mexican American experience without having it twisted and skewed by the dominant culture. Mexican American studentsRead MoreStudy of Organizational Culture in Singapore1669 Words   |  7 Pagestogether. Review Culture may be viewed as a group s collective being which is both static and dynamic in nature, and may be studied by looking at the dimensions of the collective being at a point in time as well as over time (RALSTON et al). Low’s (2009; 2002) studies cites the twelve Singaporean values and these values are then cited and used to examine the key value(s) that prevail among these Singapore companies. According to his thesis there are eight types of corporate culture existing in SingaporeRead More Sociology: The Study of Culture Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious beliefs. It became apparent to me that all persons are a direct reflection of their environment. In other words, all persons unconsciously, and sometimes consciously, reflect and imitate their environment and the things that they see. Every culture has their own individual stereotypes and belief systems. The reason for this is that people place arbitrary meanings on lifes occurrences based upon those of the individuals which preceded them. Thought patterns of an individual are all dependentRead MoreChange And Culture Case Study1570 Words   |  7 PagesChange and Culture Case Study By Fallon9586 | Studymode.com Change and Culture Case Study I Middle managers occupy a significant section of the organizational hierarchy. All managing roles work together to best meet healthcare demand and organizational goals. Middle managers bridge the gap between the professional staff and clinicians and senior management. During a merger the job of middle managers is important in transitions the two organizations into one. Middle managers make sure that the staffRead MoreChange and Culture Case Study1433 Words   |  6 PagesChange and Culture Case Study I Darlinda Smith HCS/514 October 15, 2012 Steve Kovak, MHA Change and Culture Case Study I During the past decade the hospital industry has made profound organizational changes, including the extensive consolidation of hospital system through merger and the formation hospital systems (Evans amp; Gertler, 2012). The rules of health care are changing. Growth is not about just getting bigger. It is about developing all of the components needed for coordinated

Unified Project Management Methodology †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Unified Project Management Methodology. Answer: Introduction: Project methodology is an important part of a project management. Working on the project methodologies and developing an appropriate set of strategies will help the project manager in managing the change. Change is one of the most important parts of a project lifecycle, there are a various set of changes which could occur in a project and managing change is one of the most important parts of any organisation. Project manager working for the growth of the organisation should undertake project management methodologies so that the choices could be made and most relevant methodology could be applied to the project. Working with various project management methodologies and developing a proper set of the plan will help project manager in introducing the new activities. Applying same will help the project management team in managing the growth of the organisation. Hence, an essay is prepared which will include information related to various project management methodologies with the help of which a proper framework will be developed for the growth of the organisation. In this section, all the methodologies which help in managing the project requirements will be undertaken and an appropriate set of the decision will be made of which project management methodology should be adopted. The essay will help in providing a set direction to the organisation of how to make the right choice in adopting an appropriate project management methodology so as to manage a project. The discipline which includes initiation, planning, execution, controlling and closing of the activities which work for the growth of an organisation and provides a relevant set of support in managing the change is known as project management (Gilbert Silvius, Kampinga, Paniagua Mooi, 2017). Project management helps in achieving the specific goals and meeting the success criteria with the help of which project requirements could be achieved. Project management tactics are adopted so as to fulfill the requirements of a workplace with the effect of which progress of a company is managed and sustainability is obtained (Ehrgott, 2010). Decision making is required to be taken into consideration by the project management team because decision making helps in the adoption of most relevant and appropriate methodology for the success of a project. Therefore, gaining information related to project management methodologies will help the project management team in making an appropriate set of d ecision regarding adoption of the correct methodology and applying the same so as to manage the project in a right way (Danesh, Ryan Abbasi, 2017). In this section, a project of Sainsbury is initiated in which an IT System will be developed to manage the communication and the information system at the workplace. Managing IT System is not an easy task for the organisation. It requires that the project management team indulged in the same should work on the methodologies so that work could be managed and project progress could be recorded (Jamali and Oveisi, 2016). It is necessary that a proper methodology should be applied to the IT project by the project management team. This will help Sainsbury in moving on the path of success and sustainability and will help the same in managing the progress and attaining success in the market. Hence, gaining more in depth information related to project management methodologies will help in providing a better option to the project management team so as to make an appropriate set of decision regarding selection of the right path (Saleh Al-Freidi, 2015). Project Management Methodolies Project management methodologies comprise of five phases of project management which are defining the project, planning for the project requirements, launching the project, managing every single activity of the project and closing phase in which the project is required to be terminated and close out is made. The activities identified are related to every single aspect of the project. To manage the project in a right way it is required that every single activity should be considered by the project management team (Tavan and Hosseini, 2016). This will help the project management team in processing the project in a smooth and subtle way. There are a various set of project management methodologies which could be adopted by the project management team so as to manage the project in an appropriate way (Varajo, Colomo-Palacios and Silva, 2017). Hence the project management methodologies which provide a relevant set of support in the progress of the project are: These are some of the project management methodologies which help the project management team in managing the project and fulfilling all set of requirements so that goals and targets of the company could be achieved and relevant set of support could be provided to the organisation for which the project is being developed (Rasnacis Berzisa, 2015). Waterfall methodology is the most common way for the planning of a project. It is a traditional methodology of the project with the help of which project requirements could be fulfilled. Waterfall methodology includes proper planning of every single activity and includes a step by step plan following which will help the project management team in processing the project in an appropriate way (Pathak Saxena, 2012). There are various steps available in waterfall method these are a requirement, designing, implementation, verification, and maintenance. Following every single step helps the team in managing and completing the project in an appropriate way. Critical Path Method (CPM) Critical path method is the method which was developed in the 1950s to provide an effective set of solution to the project management team. It is a method which helps in connecting every single activity and provides a set path following which helps in the project completion. It is a method of project management which helps in determining the most effective as well as the shortest path to complete the project (Layton, 2012). The activity diagram helps in developing a better set of understanding with the working of a critical path method. It could be evaluated that applying the method helps in choosing and selecting the most relevant and appropriate set of the path for the management of the project. This helps in choosing the most effective path for the completion of the project (Edkins, Kurul, Maytorena-Sanchez Rintala, 2007). The agile method provides a set path and framework for the project. The agile method also includes a step by step process for a project and provides a set direction working on which provides a huge scope for the growth of the organisation with the effect of which organisation could sustain in the market. There are a certain set of values which are added to the project: It helps in availing individuals and interactions over the processes and the tools (Crowder Friess, 2013) It helps in working on the software over the documents which are comprehensive in nature It helps in collaboration with the customers and negotiating in the contracts It helps in responding to change over the plan developed by the organisations. The agile method could be used including Scrum, Kanban, Extreme Programming and Adaptive Project Framework (Mller, 2015). All these aspects provide accuracy in the project and help in managing the project in a better way. These methodologies help in providing access to the customer in implementing some or the other modification in the plans which could help in managing the project in a more appropriate way. Flexibility helps the project management team in bringing accuracy and processing the project in a better way (Ginsberg, 2016). Change Management Methodologies Change management methodologies are the methodologies which are designed for the controlling the change which can occur in near future (Geraldi Sderlund, 2017). These are the methodologies which are developed to manage the risk and taking control over the changes which can occur in the project. There are various change management methodologies which could be adopted by project management team so as to ensure that the future risk factors could get controlled in a proper way. These change management methodologies are: It is a methodology which helps in underlying the ideas behind various chain methodologies so that the potential risks which are attached to the project could be managed and scope for the project could be developed (Besner Hobbs, 2012). It helps in determining the reason behind the unexpected reasons or risk aspects which could occur in near future in the project. Extreme project management is a methodology which is opposite of the waterfall method which offers a path to manage the massive changes which could occur in the project. Extreme project management helps in altering the project plan, budget and helps in finalizing the deliverables to manage and fit the need of change management (Hydari, 2016). EPM is a perfect way to manage any kind of change which could have a huge impact on the project and which could affect its progress. Process Based Methodologies Process based methodology is the methodology which helps in managing the practicality of the project. Every single method indulges in the process based methodology helps in managing the aspects of the project in a proper way. It helps in developing a valid plan for the project which will help in managing the project progress. Lean is the method which will help in evaluating the shortest path for the processing the work. It is necessary that the shortest path should be evaluated by a project manager to process the work (Hadad, Keren Laslo, 2013). The lean method helps in reducing the steps of processing the work; this helps in creating an effective and shortest path to manage the work process and provides a support system which helps in reducing the cost of the project. Six Sigma is a statistical method used to provide quantitative data for the project. Evaluating the quantitative information and delivering it with the help of graphical representation helps the project manager in managing the project. Such type of aspects provides a better option to maintain accuracy in the project. The appropriate decision could be made in relation to the progress of the project by applying Six Sigma method (Gilbert Silvius, Kampinga, Paniagua Mooi, 2017). PRINCE2 is the methodology in which PRINCE stands for Project in Controlled Environments. It is a process which helps in managing the project used by the government of UK. PRINCE2 is the methodology which is applied to the product based plans and projects. It is the method which helps in managing the projects which are project based and provides an opportunity to the manufacturing units or the stores to manage the sale of the project. Project Integrating Sustainable Method is the project management methodology aimed to manage the change in the project (Ehrgott, 2010). The method is incorporated with environmental sustainability and helps in managing the project in a proper way. It is necessary that a proper method should be adopted by the project management team so as to manage any kind of change in near future. Benefit Analysis The method which helps in analysing the progress of the project from conception to its execution to the delivery and beyond is known as benefit analysis method. It is a method used by the project manager so as to evaluate all set of benefits that he will get from the progress of the project. From the initial phase only all the estimations related with the project progress and the benefits it will provide in near future are being done (Danesh, Ryan Abbasi, 2017). This helps in managing the project in an appropriate way and helps the project manager in estimating the present as well as future benefits. These were some of the methodologies which could be used by the project managers in their concerned projects. One of the most important things required to be kept in mind is making the right choice. It is important that the project manager should understand what type of project will be initiated and then they should make the decision for the adoption of the methodology they are willing to adopt (Danesh, Ryan Abbasi, 2017). It is necessary that the project manager should have proper knowledge of all set of methodologies so he could make the correct decision and ensure to manage the project in a most effective and efficient way. It was discussed that Sainsbury is willing to develop an IT System which could help it in managing its information system and its flow in a proper way (Jamali and Oveisi, 2016). With the evaluation of every single aspect indulges in the report it could be decided that Sainsbury should use Agile Methodology to manage its Information Technology Project. The reason behind the suggestion is that agile method is an effective method which provides a huge scope for accuracy (Saleh Al-Freidi, 2015). Managing an IT project is not a simple task so it becomes necessary that the right method should be adopted so that project process could become easy and simple to manage. The project manager will get access to use Kanban and Scrum method while working on the agile methodology which will bring accuracy to the project. For better understanding, agile life cycle could be taken into consideration by the project manager. This lifecycle will help in delivering a clear image of the project and will provide a set path moving on which help the project manager in processing the project requirements in an appropriate way (Tavan and Hosseini, 2016). Agile lifecycle includes every single activity with the help of which project processes could get managed by the project manager. According to the method, it is necessary that proper information related to the project should be gathered, and then initiation should be done (Varajo, Colomo-Palacios and Silva, 2017). There are three development phases provided in the agile method working upon which will help in providing access to the project manager in implementing accuracy to the project. Testing is also being done in agile methodology which is termed as one of the most important parts of project management. It is necessary that proper testing should be done so that all the bugs could be removed and gaps could be filled by the project manager. Hence, it could be evaluated that Agile methodology will be most suitable for the progress of the project which will help in managing the project and completing the same within the required deadlines (Brioso, 2015). Conclusion It could be concluded that project methodologies play a very vital role in managing a project. Methodologies help the project manager in delivering quality to the project. Assurance is made that the project will get completed within the budget and time decided at the initial time. It is necessary that project manager should have appropriate knowledge regarding the choice that is required to be made in relation with project methodologies. Choosing an appropriate methodology will in bringing quality to the project and completing the same within the required deadlines. Agile and Waterfall methodologies are the two methodologies which provide a step by step description of every single activity. Hence, project managers could make choice between the two to develop a new project and in case of managing the continuing processes lean and Six Sigma are the methodologies which could be adopted by the project manager and decision could be made to move on the path of success and sustainability. References Besner, C., Hobbs, B. (2012). An Empirical Identification of Project Management Toolsets and a Comparison Among Project Types.Project Management Journal,43(5), Pp. 24-46. Brioso, X. (2015). Integrating ISO 21500 Guidance on Project Management, Lean Construction and PMBOK.Procedia Engineering, 123, pp.76-84. Crowder, J., Friess, S. (2013).Systems engineering agile design methodologies. New York, NY: Springer. Danesh, D., Ryan, M., Abbasi, A. (2017). Multi-criteria Decision-making Methods for Project Portfolio Management: A Literature Review.International Journal Of Management And Decision Making,16(1), Pp. 1. Edkins, A., Kurul, E., Maytorena-Sanchez, E., Rintala, K. (2007). The application of cognitive mapping methodologies in project management research.International Journal Of Project Management,25(8), Pp. 762-772. Ehrgott, M. (2010).Multiple criteria decision making for sustainable energy and transportation systems. Berlin [u.a.]: Springer. Geraldi, J., Sderlund, J. (2017). Project studies: What it is, where it is going.International Journal Of Project Management,23, Pp. 138-139. Gilbert Silvius, A., Kampinga, M., Paniagua, S., Mooi, H. (2017). Considering sustainability in project management decision making; An investigation using Q-methodology.International Journal Of Project Management,35(6), Pp. 1133-1150. Ginsberg, N. (2016). Determining the context of an international development project.The Journal Of Developing Areas,50(5), Pp. 431-442. Hadad, Y., Keren, B., Laslo, Z. (2013). A decision-making support system module for project manager selection according to past performance.International Journal Of Project Management,31(4), Pp. 532-541. Hydari, H. (2016). Exercising Agency: Decision Making and Project Initiation.Project Management Journal,47(1), Pp. 3-7. Jamali, G. and Oveisi, M. (2016). A Study on Project Management Based on PMBOK and PRINCE2.Modern Applied Science, 10(6), p.142. Layton, M. (2012).Agile project management for dummies. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Mller, R. (2015). The Migration of Methodologies for Project Management Research.Project Management Journal,46(2), Pp. 3-5. Pathak, S., Saxena, P. (2012). Hybrid Methodology Involving Scrum and Waterfall Model towards the Software Project Development in Academic Knowledge Centers.International Journal Of Evaluation And Research In Education (IJERE),1(1), Pp. 4-6. Rasnacis, A., Berzisa, S. (2015). Adaptation of Agile Project Management Methodology for Project Team.Information Technology And Management Science,18(1), Pp. 128-129. Rozenes, S. (2011). The Impact of Project Management Methodologies on Project Performance.International Journal Of Information Technology Project Management,2(2), Pp. 64-73. Saleh Al-Freidi, S. (2015). A Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) based on PMBOK and PRINCE2 protocols: foundations, principles, structures, and benefits of the integrated approach.International Journal of Business Policy and Strategy Management, 2(1), pp.27-38. Tavan, F. and Hosseini, M. (2016). Comparison and analysis of PMBOK 2013 and ISO 21500.Journal of Project Management, (10), pp.27-34. Varajo, J., Colomo-Palacios, R. and Silva, H. (2017). ISO 21500:2012 and PMBoK 5 processes in information systems project management.Computer Standards Interfaces, 50, pp.216-222.

The Use Of Race In Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays -

The Use Of Race In Their Eyes Were Watching God The Use of Race in Their Eyes Were Watching God This novel, while poetically conveying a black woman's pursuit of true love, seriously addresses society's ability to be judgmental and oppressive. Gender, race, economic security, and social stratification share equally important roles in the development of the main character, Janie. Hurston vividly describes how each qualification specifically affects the character, although the racial implications are much more subtle. This subtlety allows the reader to mistakenly perceive indifferent or positive feelings towards the novel's black community. Hurston initially establishes the ideal unimportance of race by using Janie's innocent childhood memory. Janie painfully recalls Mr. Washburn, who is the father of the family with whom they live, abusively laughing at her belief of being the same as his white children. She also remembers being teased by the other black children for her clothing, which is better than others' because hers is the Washburn children's old clothing. This recollection is multiply used by Hurston. It capitalizes children's acceptance of people for their actions, which is surpassingly more believable than portraying adults with the same feelings. It displays the dependence of black people on white people for success. Finally, it instates the Washburn family as the representation of white culture; accordingly initiating a negative undertone towards Janie's ethnicity. However, these prejudices and their undermining effect depicted within the novel are soundly contrasted by Janie's peaceful disposition at the en d of her narration. Hurston masterfully uses the emotional responses of the black characters, specifically pertaining to successful and potentially successful endeavors of Joe, as metaphors of society's prejudice. The initial astonishment of the black characters to Joe's monetary holdings and accomplishments deftly conveys this idea. Hurston again attaches a plethora of meaning to these scenes. Joe is followed by the men from town, while going to purchase the land, because they do not believe a black man could have money. His house's description, as overly opulent and making the others seem as servant's quarters, is parallel to the rich white men of other towns. He faults the lazy black men for the town's lack of development, portraying the incapability of black men for leadership. He is revered by the town when he is present, then slandered when he is no longer able to hear them. Despite being freed from slavery, during the early 1900's, black people's lives are mostly unchanged. The similarity between their work now as farmhands and formally as slaves is an active personification of this theory. The only successful black man is Joe. The other black characters either are sharecroppers or are menially employed. This explains the contempt the two men on the porch have for Joe, which is the same contempt that they would have for a white man. Black men seldom had the opportunity, but more importantly the financial ability, to own property. This makes wealthy and successful black men extremely scarce. White men owned virtually everything. Therefore, Joe's entirety equally represents the dominating white man and the extremely unlikely black man's success. Mrs. Turner, while sharing Janie's mixed racial background, speaks adamantly against blacks. She insultingly and unsuccessfully suggests that Janie marry a lighter skinned man than Tea Cake. The duality of Mrs. Turner's perspective is profound. Her attitudes exploit oppressive white sentiments, while simultaneously expressing the effect slavery and continued oppression has on the black community. She implies that black people deserve injustice. Not using a white character to display these attitudes allows Hurston more tenacity in her expression. Attempting to clean the yard after the hurricane, Tea Cake is approached by two white men. His initial reaction is to run before they see him, which he does not do. The men call him by the wrong name and coerce him into burying the dead. This occurs within the emotional and tragic scene of loss and devastation, making the power exerted by the white men easily overlooked. They carry guns, a symbol of power, and insist that no coffin be wasted on the body of a black person and that no white person be dumped in a grave. The value society places on a black persons life is clearly made here. In the